A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift and Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay Example

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift and Animal Farm by George Orwell Paper Animal Farm is based on the Russian Revolution in the early Nineteenth Century. George Orwell wanted to get across to people what around the world that Russia was hiding the truth from the rest of the world and he wanted to reveal the truth! Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is based on the late 18th Century, when English landlords ruled Ireland. They wanted an extortionate amount of Money from the poor people of Ireland who lived on the their land. Jonathan Swift wants to change all this by making up a proposal which will make everyone think about what they were doing! In this Essay I will be talking about the purpose of Satire and the Language the authors use to get their views across. George Orwell produced the story of Animal Farm to tell the world what was really happening in Russia after the Revolution, but instead of using the real people who were involved, in this book he uses animals and humans to get his point across. In this story you can work out who the animals are supposed to represent by the similarities with the people in Russia. Old Major Prize White Boar (ancient pig) who dies just before the rebellion (revolution), is considered, like Starx a powerful helper who helped Lenin (a Russian leader who died before the Russian Revolution). Lenin the Russian Communist and Bolsheviks seized power from Tsar and set up a Dictatorship of the Proletariat. It represented a new and free world for the ordinary people just as the animals had expelled Mr. Jones in Animal Farm. Capitalism was replaced with Socialism. Though really in Russia the Bolshevik party became dictators just as in Animal Farm the pigs ruled the animals. We will write a custom essay sample on A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift and Animal Farm by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift and Animal Farm by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift and Animal Farm by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Old Majors speech is similar to Lenins, as they both know the future and what to expect of it e. g. Old Major and his speech of the Rebellion in the future Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the Human race! This is my message to you comrades: Rebellion. He also tells the Animal how to make the Rebellion work. This shows that Old Major, like Lenin wanted freedom for his land and people, but knew that there would have to be a Rebellion for this to take place! After the death of Lenin there was a battle to gain the power of the Communist Russia between two men, Stalin and Trotsky. So in Animal Farm there is a power struggle between two pigs Napoleon and Snowball (the two leading pigs). Orwell chose their names with significant purpose, which also tells about the allegorical role they have in the novel. Napoleon represents the Russian Tyrant Stalin, who comes to dominate the novel. Orwell gave Napoleon his name from the French Emperor, who started a revolution but ended an autocrat. Napoleon became a tyrant like Stalin. The Russian Leader Stalin betrayed his country by setting up a Communist Revolution and then changing it to a place of Liberty and Justice, The tyranny of a one-man state. Snowball is Orwells representation of Trotsky, Stalins enemy. Snowballs name is of symbolic meaning as snow melts away and is no more. Just as Snowball is eventually driven off the farm by Napoleon and never seen again. Napoleon and Snowball played against each other claiming that each other had All equal Rights. Really they were each seeking power for themselves. Stalin promised to strengthen the Soviet economy, strengthen Communism and to strengthen the Soviet Forces. He said this to his people that he was stronger than his enemy Trotsky! Moses was Mr. Jones tame raven, and the pigs third enemy. He represents the Russian Orthodox Church. He was constantly talking about a land called Sugarcandy Mountain a place of freedom and joy that animals will go to after their death. Orwell was suggesting that the Russian church tried to persuade people that after their hard working lives they would go to heaven. The Bolsheviks were atheists and saw such talks as dangerous. Stalin and Trotsky also disagreed. Orwell used the arguments between the pigs to represent this. Snowball believed in Industrial progress (the Windmill idea) and the conversion of the other Farms to Animalism would help them alot in the future stages. We are told that Snowball is a more lively pig than Napoleon. He is also a faster talker and more inventive. We can see this in the early chapters where he throws himself into the Animals Revolt with great energy and imagination. Orwell uses the word Animalism instead of Communism. Snowball seems to be the more interesting of the two leading pigs. It is him who criticises Mollie for her weakness and organises the destruction of Farmer Jones, Farm equipment. The next morning the excited animals run all over the place with their new found Freedom and when they return to the farm house it is only Snowball and Napoleon who are not afraid to enter. The pigs then show themselves to be born leaders and barge their way in. Like Stalin, Napoleon had argued to increase food production and rearming the farm could help them to endure in an attack, which comes later on in the book. He tried to persuade the animals that time wasted on the windmill would mean they would starve to death. Also Snowball and Napoleon disagreed over the defence of the farm after the Battle of the Cowshed. Napoleon said the animals should procure firearms and train themselves to use them. Just like Stalin. But not all Soviets wanted this, so in Chapter 4 when every thing is calm and the Animals where enjoying the liberty of their new country. The Humans attack the Farm hoping for the opportunity to rule once again. This was a comparison to the White Russians in the Soviet when the Politicians fought against each other, but in the book this event is titled The Battle of the Cowshed. This forces a Counterpoise against the Bolsheviks. In Russia the Bolsheviks won and Stalin forced Trotsky into the exile forever. In Animals farm, the comparison is when Snowball is forced to leave the farm as Napoleon starts a rumour about him. So Napoleon too rules on his own as Stalin had done. The Dictatorship of the proletariat was far from happening. Th e rule that all Animals are equal was changing with the dictatorship of Napoleon, and Russia was falling into the hands of Stalin. A terror reign began in Animal Farm over Napoleons three main rules; again this is Orwells comparison to the tree main aspects of Stalins rule. In Russia the million people are killed due to their conspiracies over Stalin and were alleged to be working with Trotsky. Secondly, Napoleons negotiations with Mr. Frederick and Mr Pilkington to trade with the humans. Stalin was signing a Nonagreesion pact with Hitler; Napoleon sold a pile of wood to Mr. Frederick and was paid with counterfeit money. This represents the phoney non-aggression pact signed between Stalin and Hitler. Also Germanys invasion of Russia caused vast destruction. The comparison was Fredericks invasion and destruction of the windmill that the animals had built. Mr Pilkington on the other hand is an old fashioned farmer and represents Britain and directly Winston Churchill. Pilkington refuses to help Napoleon just as Churchill had refused to help Stalin. Then Mr. Frederick invades the Farm. He is very cruel to the animals and represents Hitler; he tortures the animals just as Hitler treated the Jews. Although Mr. Frederick is expelled from the Farm and Hitler too was expelled at the Battle of Stalingrad when he invaded Eastern Europe. The building of the Windmill is the Final Third rule, which was called The Five-year plan by Animal Farm and it was when Russia went through tremendous Labour and enormous suffering just as they did in Animal Farm. As Stalin became increasingly obsessed with his power, so did Napoleon. Napoleon gave himself medals, various titles and when he appears around the farm, he has dogs and other pigs to help him. Even worse as Napoleon and Stalin rise in power they both break one of the Seven Commandments of Animalism and Communist rules, which they had created. In Stalins rise to power he overturns all his original aim, he does this by lying to the world using Propaganda and he shows the grip that he had on the Russian people. In Animal Farm Squealer represents a propaganda agent. When Napoleon starts breaking the Seven Commandments, it is Squealer that manages to keep the opposition silence with his restless, agile and brilliant talking that he can persuade anyone. He shows his devious side and unstable character. He also changes the Seven commandments as Napoleon breaks them, to make sure that his master is always right. When he is confronted by the other animals asked about the changes he tells them they must be mistaken, He uses lies, phoney arguments, threats surrounding himself by the dogs to cause fear. Indeed anything that justifies his master actions. He is indifferent to the truth. Orwell uses Squealers propaganda thoughout Animal Farm to shows the effects of lies and propaganda on the lives of Ordinary Working People. Squealer names imply his corrupt nature. The comparison is shown at the end in the last Chapter when Napoleon is shown conferring with the Humans. The arguments between the Humans and Napoleon show the start of the cold war. George Orwell shows at the end of his book that Stalin betrayed the original principles of communism. As did the hatred between Russia and the West. Animal Farm is a true dipictionial but put into a Fairy Tale Story. The reason that George Orwell used Satire to make his point was because he couldnt speak out publicly against communist Russia. At the time Russia was a powerful country and no one could criticise the communist system. He does this by using his own opinion but with factual evidence to back his claims. He also uses very strong emotive language and passionate tone to try to persuade you. Mr Jones represents the force of corrupt capitalism. He starts drinking more and neglecting the farm. He gets so drunk he does not return to feed the animals. The starving animals kick down the doors and help themselves to the food. Just as the Russian people had done in 1917, when they were forced with starvation. They rise up against the Tsar. What happened in Communist Russia was about to happen on a smaller scale in Animal Farm. The pigs had to work considerably to make the animals aware of the true nature of the revolution, just as the Bolsheviks in the Russia. The pigs failed to persuade Mollie that the Rebellion would be to her advantage. As the Bolsheviks had also failed to convert the White Russians. Mollie is the first animal to side with humans; shes a sympathetic to Capitalists. When the animals invaded the farmhouse they were amazed of the luxury of Mr and Mrs Jones once used to live in. In just the same way as the Bolsheviks were amazed of the wealth they saw when the stormed the Russian Tsar Palace. The pigs were more successful in converting the Animals to Majors reviews. Boxer and Clover became their devoted followers. Boxer represents the ordinary working man. He is the most cruelly betrayed of all the animals in Animal Farm. He was hard working and utterly loyal. His strength was used in the fields and rebuilding the windmill. In the first chapter he is described as a gentle and stupid creature, which makes us even more angry when he is betrayed by his master. He never learns to read, write or think for himself. He had two mottoes, one was Napoleon is always right and the second is I must work harder! and he is the victim of his own blind loyalty. He was the hardest working animal on the farm and the pigs promised him that he would have lavish retirement benefits. But when he works too a hard and finally collapses in chapter 9. Napoleon and Squealer pretend to send him to a nearby Animal Hospital, but infact he is being sold to the knackers yard and the cash is spent on the pigs Whisky. This is the most tragic scene in the whole book. Boxers wife, Clover. Who was also strong, patient and utterly loyal too. She is more intelligent than Boxer and it is her that leads the Animals to the Farm house in Chapter 10, where they see the utter betrayal of Napoleon who is seen playing cards with the humans. Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is about the exploration of the children of Ireland. It was written to the Politicians of England and Ireland to inform them, that the underprivileged people of Ireland. Who were living on opulent peoples property could hardly afford to pay the outrageous rental payments. The weathly used their money to buy unwanted furniture and garments just to be fashionable. Swifts, idea was to kill the one year olds for food and sell it to the rich or even use the carcass or skin to make gloves or boot for Ladies and Gentlemen. Even the killing of young Lads and Maidens for a replacement to deer and venison. It makes it sound like the second idea seems only cruel. This would help the poor people living in Ireland. He tries to use age, diseased or saying that these people are mained as a reason. He is only sacrificing these people for the nation. By killing the babies he believes that it would decrease the population and homeless making the wealthy even wealthier. Take away all their money problems they have when asking for their rent from their tenants. The poor could gain money by producing babies and selling them to the shopkeepers. Then the shopkeepers could sell these babies for an enormous amount of money to the wealthy. In this process he claims that it benefits the poor. They can pay their rent and buy food. This Story is a ridiculous his idea is, but also he uses it to inform the people of Ireland that they had to do something about how the Government was running the country and how they needed to improve the living conditions. Many Families had half the land of what the English had and had to pay more rent! This was aimed at the Government and the wealthy. This was also aimed at Shopkeepers and absentee Landlords. His ideas and technique of making people appear foolish, vein and idle etc, and to highlight the plight of the indigenous was to inform people how ridiculous they had been. He is claiming that in England the undeveloped people who were living on the rich peoples property paid less for their rental payments and have larger property. So should Ireland, as it too also help benefit the poor in many ways. The opening sentences are very descriptive bad gives the reader a vivid depiction of how bad the situation was. He also uses the Pattern of Three, three times in the first paragraph in the sentences to build up tension. The streets, the roads and the cabin doors crowded with beggars of the female sex. Again he says three, four, or six children all in rags and who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbados. He cleverly begins a lot of his paragraphs with persuasive sentences to force his own opinions on the reader I think it is agreed, But my intention, As to my own part, There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme etc He uses very emotive words in the opening paragraphs such as crowded, forced, deplorable, scraps, begging, murdering, sacrificing, savage. The reader is left thinking that something must be done to help these people. The Satire in this story is used to inform you (the outside world) that even though his ideas are totally ridiculous, the Irish and the British Government have to do something about the Living Conditions of Ireland! I feel that he couldnt speak out loud because no one would even consider (that is the wealthy) or believe what he is trying to say is the Truth. So by writing such an outrageous story he would be able to gain everyones attention. They could think that Yes he is right and we, as a nation should do something to improve this. With every idea he has, he tries to back it up using rich people, merchants and eminent French physicians, a very knowing American. Trying to make it sound acceptable. In his last paragraph he introduces questions aimed at his audience to get them to think how they are going to solve the problem of food and population and tries to place guilt on the Landlords by suggesting that the poor would think his ideas better than to suffer as they do under the present situation. Even though they are so horrific. Both Authors have researched their claims to make an intellectual story! Both use reference to animals. Orwells is to hide the true peoples identities. Swifts refers to the children as roasting pigs. Swift keeps referring to women as breeders. A word used with animals. Calls them mares in foal, cows in calf, sows ready to farrow. To get their factual evidence across they both have to find their audience e. g. Orwells audience is the everyday people in the world and their Governments. While, Swifts audience is the Government, Landlords and Shopkeepers of Ireland. They both persuade you by using their own opinion and emotive language in their stories. Swifts styles of language was more passionate as he used his opinions and choice of emotive words to arouse emotion. Orwells style of language is more factual than emotional. Orwell uses facts to inform you and Swift uses facts to persuade you. In my opinion Swifts method of persuasion was too extreme but perhaps he thought he needed to do this so that he would be taken notice of. While, Orwells method was very clever and informative to expose the truth of what was happening in Russia. We accept everything Orwell says as the truth. It also makes the reader look at their own political ideas and what we are doing to the world we live in. Swifts last paragraph is trying to say he is objective and having nothing to gain from it: I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavouring, in to promote this nessary work, Orwell seems to be suggesting that all revolutions begin in Idealism and in tyranny. But he thought that all Revolutionaries were swindles and their dreams off freedom soon changed into nightmares. Once all the people were supposed to be equal some became more equal than others did. Nothing really changes after revolutions and everything had been for nothing. In Animal Farm Majors dreams were just like that in which Stalins Russia had become. While Swift is suggesting that Ireland should have a revolution for the better in some sort of way.

Suzuki Samurai Case Analysis Essay Example

Suzuki Samurai Case Analysis Essay Example Suzuki Samurai Case Analysis Essay Suzuki Samurai Case Analysis Essay SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Michio Suzuki founded Suzuki Loom Works, a privately owned loom manufacturing company, in 1909 in Hamamatsu, Japan. In 1954 it changed its name to Suzuki Motor Company, Ltd. Suzuki changed its policy many times according to the market requirements. Suzuki started with introducing its products in Japan and then exporting it to various foreign markets (100 countries). It started off with motorcycles and was now producing trucks subcompact cars as well. Japans voluntary restrain agreement (VRA) quotas made it impossible for Suzuki to export any cars other than the Sprint to USA in future. In1985 Suzuki introduced the SJ413 an upgraded model of SJ 410 and designed especially for US market as further delay would increase the threat of ? Brand Clutter. Suzuki planned to market two versions of the Samurai in USA, a convertible and a hard top. There were other players who were also planning to enter the market. Hyundai Motor Company Zavodi Crvena Zastava (yugo) were expected to enter in 1986. DECISION PROBLEM Suzuki, was now facing the following question?  · How should SJ 413 be positioned in the US market? POSITIONING From the exhibits provided we can figure out that there were two things which were important for the customer while selecting a vehicle:  · Physical Characteristics (Design/appearance)  · Price Based on its physical characteristics, the major three positioning options for Samurai SJ413 were:  · Position as a compact sport utility vehicle  · Position as a compact pickup truck  · Position as a subcompact car Positioning as a Sports Utility Vehicle The most obvious position for the samurai was as a sport utility vehicle. It looked like a mini- jeep and had 4-wheel drive capability. The positioning of Samurai as sport utility vehicle solely

Americas involvement or lack of during the holocaust Essay

Americas involvement or lack of during the holocaust - Essay Example This German policy led to the massacre of millions of Jews during the 1930s. Yet the U.S remained aloof from the situation in Eastern Europe. Several views have been highlighted to defend the role of US in the holocaust. Some state that the country was adhering to its foreign policy rules. Many suggest that it was ignorance or simply denial of the original facts. Many also state that the anti Semitism was behind the non involvement of the US in the European affairs. In this paper I aim to discuss the various theories behind the non involvement attitude of the US towards the holocaust. I shall explore every theory with different angles thus highlighting the underlying factors behind the lack of involvement of the United States in the Eastern European affairs during the holocaust. The paper will highlight the motives which led one of the most influential nations of the world from keeping away from the international affairs of other countries. The Americans did not involve themselves in rescuing the Jews from the German persecution partly because they had adopted the policy of isolationism which stated that they would not get involved in other countries international and domestic issues. Although many claim that the US was unaware of the mass scale killing of the Jews, still some information was provided to the government. The government however decided not to interfere in the matter. According to the online holocaust encyclopedia, in August 1942, the US State department received a cable which confirmed the Nazi plan of killing all the European Jews. The report was sent by Gerhard Reigner, a representative of the World Jewish Congress in Geneva. A copy of it was also sent to an American Rabbi, Stephen Wise, who was asked by the government not to raise an issue about it. The report was also not shared with the other government officials (Holocaust Encyclopedia, 2008). In another incident a Polish courier Jan Karski

International Conflict Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Conflict Analysis - Essay Example However, since the war ended in 2002, there have been several positive developments like conducting elections and involving the youth. Of course, one has to keep ones’ fingers crossed as earlier attempts at peacemaking have usually resulted in breakdown given the greed and grievance of the warlords and the presence of thousands of brainwashed soldiers ready to do their bidding. The role of the international community is also discussed and some criticism expressed for the way in which their non-intervention caused avoidable suffering and casualties. Given the interplay of the resource argument (the so-called conflict diamonds) with that of a failed state where a â€Å"free for all† was the norm rather than the exception, the peace that the citizens of Sierra Leone are experiencing now is indeed welcome from all aspects. Finally, the conflict in Sierra Leone is also notable for the way in which the post cold war illusions about durable peace and establishment of a new wor ld order were disabused. The end of the cold war produced diametric reactions from intellectuals and foreign policy experts. Whereas writers like Francis Fukuyama were quick to predict the â€Å"End of History† and proclaim that the democratization of the nations of the world would give us the meaning that we have always sought, other writers like Samuel Huntington warned of a coming â€Å"Clash of the Civilizations† where who you were mattered more than what you were or which side you were on (Huntington, 1996, 14). The former is the â€Å"new war† hypothesis that posits the view of how conflicts in the last two decades are about economic reasons and identity whereas the latter is the â€Å"old war† theory about the cold war which was essentially an ideological battle. However, there are many who see the so-called new wars as a continuance of those fought earlier just that the international order does not have the

Comprehensive Examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Comprehensive Examination - Essay Example is a renowned philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose thoughts, teachings, and ideas have been very influential on the American society as well as around the world (Neil, 2005). John Dewey believed that learning needs to be active and not long and restrictive. He believed that children could learn much more if things were aught on a practical basis rather than only theories. Dewey has written a number of works in various subjects however his most famous subject is education. Dewey has won a number of awards like the Doctor â€Å"Honoris Causa† from university of Oslo, Pennsylvania, Yale and Rome and he has also won Copernican Citation in 1943. Dewey’s theory was presented in ‘My Pedagogic Creed’ (1897). According to Dewey education is a necessity of life and every person starts learning right from the time of birth. A teacher plays a very important role in the educational system. It is up to the teacher to help stimulate the child’s powers by ensuring the child faces a social situation which stimulates the child’s powers. It is essential that the teacher understands the need for a student to be a part of the social society, and that the person being educated is a social individual and is a part of the society which is an organic union of individuals (Emand, 2000). If any one of these are eliminated it would cause a very bad effect on the child’s education as well as the life of the individual. According the Dewey’s theory it is always better to make children study in a more practical way rather than in a standard classroom structure where the students thoughts are limited and the students are not given a chance to bloom and bring out fresher ideas. As he has already mentioned it is also possible to teach children maths by learning proportions in cooking or even time limits in travelling between places by a mule can help children develop their mathematics skills. Also the teaching structure for this type of education would require

Perfectionism | An overview

Perfectionism | An overview Perfectionism is a phobia of mistake-making, said Jeff Szymanski, executive director of the Obsessive Compulsive Foundation, which is based in Boston. It is the feeling that If I made a mistake, it will be catastrophic.' Perfectionism is a psychological disorder which is believed by the person with this illness that being flawless should be accomplished. They feel that they are obligated to reach exceptionally idealistic ambitions when in fact its non-compulsory because everyone should just strive to do the best they can. However, perfectionistic attitude is an interference with their success. The desperation of having unrealistic aspiration can ruin their anticipations because it eventually causes disappointment. Perfectionism is sometimes influenced by an early stage in a persons life. This person has a perception that people would appreciate them more if they are perfect. In other words, their goals are based on peripheral outlook and not from their own desires. Hence, they only feel that they are worthy if only people would recognize their importance. Although being a perfectionist sees every mistake as a chance for progress and learning, people with this disorder should learn how to control it because it will lead to being defensive when appraised and to being depressed when faced with a failure. Each individual has goal in their life but for perfectionist, they have goals that are higher or beyond their imagination. There is definitely nothing erroneous to be ruthless, have dreams and eventually work it out to pursue them. If theres no single person that has goal in life then most of the advancement that people are enjoying these should not be even here. So if they have managed to get through their aim, sure enough they would enjoy the outcome. Being a perfectionist has great advantage because unlike an ordinary person who is contented with a mediocre performance, they could arrive at a level of success that is almost perfect. Thats why they received a lot of admiration from people which they really deserved and reacted positively. They are confident that their goals will be reached since they are very competent individual and has an optimistic mind-set. Thus, it will somehow boost their self-esteem and obtain greater accomplishments. People are not like God. They are not perfect thats why it is normal to commit mistakes and eventually recuperate from the loss. But for the perfectionist, they cant control it. They should make all things right. Therefore, they became less efficient because they are meticulous even to the last detail and wasnt able to complete a task. When the moment of failure haunt them, they will loath themselves for being inadequate and as a result, it can lead to low self-worth and despair. The other thing is that they become engrossed with fear that they cant easily recover from it. This also meant of losing the opportunity to improve themselves because they perceive mistakes as an indication of unworthiness. Not being contented with what they attained can lead to a miserable life because they dont know how to let go and move on with their lives and or learn from their mistakes; they still hold on to their problem and eventually causes disturbance that is suicidal. The reason that they cant let go is that they dreaded the consequences of losing everything. This is also the source of anxiety since they wanted to be perfect with everything; consequently, they place themselves under a great deal of pressure. After experiencing nervous tension, they wouldnt be able to be successful and as a result, will intensify the probability of experiencing tragedy. If their imperfections are recognized by others, they became fearful that they will be abandoned by the society. Because of this, they strive to be perfect to protect themselves from humiliation and condemnation. If only a person with this illness can control their strong urge to do everything perfectly then it will not be called as a disorder. Since their goals are set irrationally or unrealistically, they tend to disappoint themselves after which they feel that misfortune had befallen upon them. They eventually became traumatized that every circumstances they encountered became catastrophic. Perfectionist became devastated when they stumble upon petty mistakes that they were excessively troubled about not being able to overcome it. Due to their inflexible attributes, they become anxious and dysfunctionally depressed. There are important points that a perfectionist has to realize. Perfectionism is a delusion that is unfeasible and striving very hard to do everything is pointless. They are just wasting their time being faultless when in fact their work is already gratifying. They should try to do their best and not to be perfect in everything because the no one really notices things in a detailed way unless their audience is also a perfectionist. Perfectionist has to comprehend that committing mistakes are the only way one can be perfect, through learning from their mistakes is the only way to identify their error. They should challenge themselves to turn away from that fixation or being obsessed because sooner or later it will be a curse in their life. Sources: Bregman, P. (2009). How to Escape Perfectionism. http://blogs.hbr.org/bregman/2009/09/how- to-escape-perfectionism.html. Egan, S. (2005). An Investigation of Positive and Negative Perfectionism. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt- WCU20060906.150230/unrestricted/01Front.pdf. McGarvey, J. (n.d.). The Almost Perfect Definition. http://www.rps.psu.edu/sep96/almost.html. Neumeister, K. (n.d.) Perfectionism in Gifted Children. Retrieved from http://iag- online.org/perfect.htm. Perfectionism. (2007). Retrieved frromhttp://www.counselingcenter.illinois.edu/?page_id=113.

Transnational Social Movements, International Nongovernmental Organizat

Transnational Social Movements, International Nongovernmental Organizations and Our State-centric World The 1999 Seattle protests brought the apparent proliferation of anti-globalization grassroot sociopolitical movements into the limelight of the world stage. Transnational social movements (TSMs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), as well as the loose transnational activist networks (TANs) that contain them—all these came to be seen as an angry and no less potent backlash that's directed at the powerful states and increasingly towering economic IGOs such as the WTO, the IMF, and the World Bank. In the field of international relations, some regard this as a prophetic watershed event that signals the weakening and perhaps even collapsing of the state-centric system of international relations, while many others insist that Seattle is but an eventually insignificant episode in the book of globalization and state power, as evidenced by the Doha success. This paper attempts to address two questions that are at the heart of this dispute: Do TSMs and INGOs have any real power in today's international political arena against the traditional view of state dominance? And, if the answer to the previous question is yes, then does such a change merit a fundamental revision of the state-centric model of international relations? My answer to these two questions is threefold: First, I assert that TSMs and INGOs can and have posed substantial normative challenges to state hegemony, most commonly the notion that the state enjoys a monopoly on representation of its citizens and their interests. Furthermore, TSMs and INGOs that employ the use of violence (particularly terrorism) breach the conventional notion that states... ...ed Arjomand, Said Amir. â€Å"Iran's Islamic Revolution in Comparative Perspective.† World Politics, Volume 38, Issue 3 (1986. 4), 383-414. Griffith, William E. â€Å"The Revial of Islamic Fundamentalism: the Case of Iran.† International Security. Volume 4, Issue 1, 1979, 132-138. Khashan, Hilal. â€Å"The New World Order and the Tempo of Militant Islam.† British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Volume 24, Issue 1 (1997. 5), 5-24. O'Brien, Robert, et al. Contesting Glboal Governance. Cambridge, 2000. G. Hossein. â€Å"Legitimacy, Religion, and Nationalism in the Middle East.† The American Political Science Review, Volume 84, Issue 1 (1990. 3), 69-91. Tarrow, Sidney. â€Å"Transnational Politics: Contention and Institutions in International Politics.† Annual Review of Political Science, 2001.4. Weaver, Mary Ann. â€Å"The Real Bin Laden.† The New Yorker, January 24, 2000.

Future Trend of Crisis Intervention Essay

Future Trend of Crisis Intervention in the Human Services Delivery System In the United States Human Service profession continues to expand yearly. Despites the yearly gross for this profession many people still strive to continue to succeed in this profession. It is unfortunate that sadly human service workers are the first to become victims of budget cuts and layoffs because of low funds. This paper will focus on the trend of human service, the practice of crisis intervention in human services, challenges likely by the trends as a result of the impact and how human service workers should deal with these trends. Purpose of Crisis Intervention Crisis intervention is mainly important for those who have been in some type of crisis. Those who have experienced emotional, mental, and physiological distress are among those who make use of crisis intervention methods. Normally a person who experiences crisis intervention cannot function normally, need help coping and not capable of solving problems by him or herself. Kidnapping, sexual assault, criminal victimizations are several crises that people face. One of the main issues that human services face today is meeting the needs of people. Crisis intervention has evolved into a human service subspecialty to help people who cannot afford high costs for mental health issues. Crisis intervention core goal is to help decrease victim’s reaction to a crisis that may be behavioral, mental, and physical. It helps victims return to their normal selves by removing ineffective coping skills. Some of these are substance abuse, alcohol abuse, aloofness, and a host of others. Often time’s people recover from their crisis by speaking about what occurred and other lifetime achievements. It depends on the individual to determine the time frame that its takes a person to seek help after a crisis. Crisis intervention program can take place in a hospital, clinics, mental health centers, and other social service agencies. Unfortunate it is not appropriate for people suffering long-standing problems.

Stress Essays

Stress Essays Stress Essay Stress Essay Stress is the loading applied   Ã‚  on the material while strain is the deformation that results due to application of load or stress. By this definition, it is obvious that stress and strain are related and that relationship can best be explained by considering a stress-strain curve (Figure 1). Building materials have their own corresponding stress-strain curve which can be obtained by recording the amount of deformation (strain) upon application of tensile or compressive loading. Curve results reveal the behavior or properties of materials when load (weight) is applied.Figure1. Stress-Strain curveConsider the Stress-Strain curve of building materials in Figure 1. For concrete materials, its curve is almost a straight line and ends rather abruptly. This means that concretes easily fractures or fails (brittle material). Likewise, the resulting curve for cast iron is straight indicating that it too is brittle. However, as the graph indicates it can withstand higher stress before failure than concretes do. Nevertheless, both of these materials will fail or fracture with little warning once their limits (maximum loading) are exceeded. Mild steel on the other hand, has a gentle curving at the top. This means that mild steel has different properties than cast iron or concrete. The gentle curving signifies that after certain point mild steel will continue to strain (in the case of tension, to stretch) as the stress (the loading) remains more or less constant. This indicates a high ductility. However, at certain point, or maximum bearable loading, the material will not continue to stretch but will ultimately fail.Stress can be applied to building materials in two ways: by compression or stretching (tensile).     Ã‚  Compressive strength is the maximum stress that a material will bear when it is subjected to a load that pushes it together. Tensile strength is the maximum stress a material will bear when it is subjected to a stretching load (Luebkeman 1997).ReferenceLuebkeman, Chris H. and Donald Peting. (1997). Stress-Strain Curves. Retrieved 12 October 2007 from http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~struct/courseware/461/461_lectures/ /461_lecture24/461_lecture24.html Stress Essays Stress Essay Stress Essay Over the years, stress has been studied by members of the medical, psychological, business, and even academic professions. The reason for this is that the problem occurs on a very wide scale. The scope of the problem even extends to the definition, as even this has been the cause of several stressful debates. There are also three kinds of stress: acute, episodic acute, and chronic stress (APA, 2004). Despite the disagreement about its definition, however, many have accepted that credited to Richard S. Lazarus: â€Å"a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize† (Mindtools). Although stress often derives from a person’s feeling about a situation or problem (specifically, that it might be too great for him or her alone to handle), it also has considerable physical implications. It affects several of the major systems of the body, including the digestive, immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Evidence of this can be seen in the form of diarrhea, increased cardiovascular activity, and increased susceptibility to diseases (MayoClinic, 2005). Since stress can cause damage to the vital systems of the body, it is often crucial to recognize it early and takes steps to control it. There are several ways to reduce stress without the help of medication, and these have mainly to do with attitude and lifestyle. According to the article â€Å"How can I manage stress?† by the American Heart Association, ways to reduce stress include changing one’s response to difficult situations and learning to decline offers. These are indeed psychological solutions to a problem that affects people on a physical level, but it is not to be forgotten that stress often is as a result of psychological issues. Therefore, though stress is a health hazard, it is both preventable and curable. However, one has to have the mind to do it. (Consultation with one’s doctor is recommended, especially for people with a family history of heart disease or strokes.) The causes of stress are variable and its effects are often damaging, both psychologically and physically. However, as its causes are mainly psychological, the effects can often be reduced by a â€Å"simple† change in lifestyle. When signs and symptoms of stress are perceived, action should be taken immediately to avoid its numerous health risks. Support from family and friends might be of great help in a stressful time, and any help offered should be promptly accepted. References â€Å"Different kinds of stress, the† (2004) APA Help Center 8. Nov. 2005 [Online], Available: apahelpcenter.org/articles/article.php?id=21 How can I manage stress? (2004) American Heart Association. 8 Nov. 2005 [Online], Available: americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/110167971464923%20HowCanIManageStress.pdf Stress management Mindtools 8 Nov. 2005. [Online], Available: mindtools.com/stress/UnderstandStress/StressDefinition.htm Stress: Why you have it and how it hurts your health. (2005, September 7) MayoClinic.Com [Online], Available: mayoclinic.com/health/stress/SR00001 nbsp;

Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay Example

Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay Example Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay All the Sikh ceremonials like birth, baptism, matrimony and decease are held in simple, cheap and spiritual tone. Every of import ceremonial is performed in the presence of holy Guru Granth Sahib. Of class, vocalizing of anthem, Ardas, or a formal supplication suited to the juncture, Hukamnama, or a random reading from the Guru Granth Sahib will be included as the order of the twenty-four hours. Distribution of Karah Parshad, or sacred pudding made from flour, butter, sugar and H2O, Langar is provided for all the invitees. Sikhs no longer seek approval from God and regenerate the spirit of devotedness and service. There are some of the major Sikh Ceremonies, Naam Karan ( Naming Ceremony ) , Dastar Bandi, Marriage Ceremony, Amrit Sanchar ( Baptism ) , Funeral/Death Ceremony, Gurpurbs and Sangrand. KhandaAfter the birth of a kid, if the female parent and the kid are in good wellness, they will travel to the Gurdwara with their relations and friends for the naming ceremonial. The Granthi or a senior member of the fold stirs H2O and sugar crystals in a bowl with a Khanda placed in forepart of the Guru Granth Sahib while reading the Mool Mantra ( the basic belief of the Sikhs and it begins the Sri Guru Granth Sahib ) and the first five poetries of the Japji Sahib . A few beads of this holy H2O are so put into the kid s oral cavity and the remaining is given to the female parent to imbibe. Hymns are recited or sun to bless the kid. Dastar Bandi This is a really of import event when a Sikh male child is ready to get down binding the turban. The Granthi will explicate why the turban is needed to be tied on the caput. Amrit Sanchar ( Baptism ) Baptism and matrimony are the most of import ceremonials in the life of a Sikh. It is in the signifier of a formal curse and induction ceremonial by which a Sikh becomes a true Khalsa ( purified or chosen one ) , and like the Christian at verification, acquires full rank of the Sikh brotherhood. As the ceremonial culminates in the imbibing of Amrit ( specially prepared sweet Holy H2O ) so the term Amrit-dhari Sikh is frequently used. However, a Sikh should merely take Amrit when he or she is mature plenty to recognize the nature of the duties he or she has chosen to accept. Marriage Ceremony The Sikh matrimony is called Anand Karaj which means the ceremonial of joy. The Sikh nuptials is held in the forenoon in a Gurdwara. The bridegroom will be dressed in all right apparels and accompanied by his household and friends. Then he reaches the Gurdwara Sahib where the bride s relations and friends receive them. After the Milni ceremonial ( close relations of the twosome garland each other in a spirit of good will ) and refreshments, everyone enters the Gurdwara fold hall where bride sits alongside the bridegroom confronting the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. A short supplication is said and so the nuptials ceremonial begins and the Ragees sing the anthem of Palla which is bridegroom s scarf. The bride s male parent gives the Palla into the custodies of bride which is symbolic of giving away the bride. This is followed by Lavaan , the nuptials ceremonial. It consists of four poetries. The first poetry is recited by the Granthi while the twosome sits. Then the Ragees sing the same po etry and the twosome walk gracefully clockwise around the Guru Granth Sahib the bride following the bridegroom. Same manner the other three poetries are recited. The six poetries of Anand Sahib ( the anthem of joy ) are so sung followed by the Ardas. Order of the twenty-four hours is read from Guru Granth Sahib Ji followed by the distribution of Karah Parshad. Lunch is provided by the bride s household. Normally a response is held subsequently in the eventide in a hall. Funeral/Death Ceremony Normally, this ceremonial is really simple. When a Sikh dies, the organic structure is first washed and dressed with new apparels. Then it is carried to the cremation land in emanation so appropriate supplications are said before the funeral pyre. After that, it is lit by close relations. In Britain a crematory built for this intent is used. Later, the cooled ashes will be collected and immersed into or presented to natural running water- a river. To finish the ceremonial, so either in the place or in the Gurdwara, the day-to-day reading of the Holy Granth begins. This takes approximately 10 yearss. When all the 1430 pages have been read, the concluding service is held. Relatives and friends gather to fall in in the concluding supplications. The Kara Parshad ( holy nutrient ) is served and the people disperse. This marks the terminal of bereavement. The Sikh Marriage The Sikh matrimony is non simply a physical and legal contract but is a holy brotherhood between two psyches where physically they appear as two single organic structures but in fact are united as one. The Sikh matrimony ceremonial is besides known as Anand Karaj intending blissful brotherhood . Harmonizing to Sikhism, when a miss attains adulthood, it is incumbent upon her parents to look for a suited lucifer for her. It is neither desirable nor proper to get married a miss at stamp age. The girl of a Sikh should be given in matrimony to a Sikh. If a adult male is a Sikh truster, is low by nature, and earns his staff of life by honest agencies, with him marriage may be contracted without a inquiry and without consideration for wealth and wealths. Sikh matrimonies are normally arranged. The people from other civilizations do non ever decently construe the word arranged . An ordered matrimony does non intend coercing adult male or adult female into marriage of parents pick merely. It is holding to marriage proposed by common treatment between the adult male s and the adult female s household. This is to choose the right spouse with the blessing of all. Most significantly, the adult male and adult female themselves must acquire to cognize each other to convey their consent to their parents. No Sikh matrimony is regarded as genuinely complete unless the bride and groom present themselves before the Holy Granth and are blessed by the Guru, every bit good as by the fold or the households present.

Changing Housework Arrangement Between Couples Literature review

Changing Housework Arrangement Between Couples - Literature review Example Social change is brought about by the continued increase in the number of women who join the labor force in North America, Europe and Oceania starting the age of industrialization (Kornblum 2007). The increase in number of women joining the labor force (Bianchi et al. 2000; Kamo & Cohen 1998; Presser 1994; Shelton 1990, cited in (Omori & Smith 2009) resulted to a decline in the number of hours spent for domestic work (Artis & Pavalko 2003, cited in Omori & Smith 2009). The changing work division is attributed to the declining time that wives spare for household chores (Van der Lippe et al. 2004, cited in Omori & Smith 2009). The routine household works are influenced by cultural values and in line with the â€Å"male-breadwinner-and-female-homemaker arrangement† (Treas 2011, para. 6). Cleaning the house is associated with women while working outside to earn a living is the obligation of men (Omori & Smith 2009). However, in African American and Hispanic households, wives usual ly work outside of the home to earn a living (Omori & Smith 2009). Omori and Smith (2009) reported that women who hold higher or managerial positions, with increased status and income, tend to spend lesser work hours at home. Studies from several countries show that household work arrangements are influenced by values, beliefs and norms in the community (Treas 2011). Through long practice, many household chores were relegated to women. (Van der Lippe et al. 2004, cited in Omori & Smith 2009).  

Communication eassy 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication eassy 7 - Essay Example Earliest films were very short, often just a minute or ten, one or two reels and eventually it goes up to 2 hours. (The Birth and Early Development of   the  Motion Picture,by Robert P. Brooks, Bulletin of the Passaic County Historical Society, April 1959). We can see a gradual development in the field of motion picture. Several inventors set up their projector machine in make shift halls and projected moving pictures on a screen. The ides of longer film with story began in 1895. The man named James .H White produced a picture 500 feet in length. It was called ‘American Fireman’. Today motion pictures have predisposed both in maintaining social order and powerful agents of change. Films are cultural artifacts formed by special cultures. Motion pictures have been a great influence in the cultural field. It affected the society too much. When motion pictures transformed from black-and –white to colour in U.S in the 1950’s the sensors struggled much to eli minate erotic imagery, and immoral treatment of sexuality. Many directors of that time violated the moral side of film industry. A good example for such film is â€Å"Lady Chatterleys Lover†, banned by New York censorship board in 1957. (Vaughn). Nudity, explicit sexual behavior, profane language, gratuitous violence, and themes of promiscuity, homosexuality, abortion, drug use, etc were the chief characteristics of the films of that time. The year 1968 marked tremendous changes in U.S. film industry. A new system of Production Code has been adopted that prevented the government censorship. Censors edited the films before they reached the theatres. A kind of spiritual and moral progress was visible in the films of 1930’s and it also promoted high social life and enlightened thinking. Those Films which were not acceptable to the social morality were severely opposed by the Roman Catholic Church and they were banned in the