Does Police Brutality Have Anything to Do With Color

Recent tragedies involving police officers killing unarmed blacks, like the ones that happened in Baltimore and Cleveland, have attracted a great deal of public attention – both to the events themselves and to what many perceive as an epidemic of police brutality. It seems to sweep over the United States and there is an opinion that police brutality, as it is often stated, is aimed primarily at people of color. There is some truth about this statement. According to statistics, blacks are about twice more likely to be killed by police than whites; their rates of incarceration are also disproportionately high: despite constituting only about 12 percent of the USA’s total population they account for almost 40 percent of those incarcerated. But is it really all about race? Perhaps there are some additional dynamics at work here, the ones that are less noticeable and less likely to make for flashy headlines? There is a growing sentiment in the USA that it is really so, that we are dealing not with a country-spanning conspiracy against the people of color, but something far more real. For the last few decades we’ve seen a steady growth in the number of police officers, especially in big population centers. Overbloating of police funding, broadening of police authority, intensification of the war on drugs, influx of military-grade weapons used by law enforcement and, in general, growing militarization of police force in the United States are extremely common nowadays. And when some governmental institution gets new powers and increased funding, it only goes downhill from there: the more money flows in, the more the institution is eager to use it up to account for growing funding. As the police get new powers, they grow more and more accustomed to using them and to justifying their use to themselves and to their higher-ups. Today the police are more than likely to use measures like SWAT raids when carrying out the most mundane tasks – for example, checking if a 50-dollar drug transaction had place (like in an infamous case in Habersham County, Georgia, during which a flashbang thrown into the suspect’s window in the middle of the night landed in a cradle. It led to horrible injuries and disfigurement of an infant sleeping in it). Twenty or thirty years ago such a situation would have been absurd – today it is perceived as tragic, but unavoidable collateral damage of the war on drugs. The police, in the right circumstances, are just as trigger-happy when it comes to dealing with Whites, Asians or Hispanics. It is not about race – it is all about power vested in them. In today’s America the police are no longer perceived as an organization aimed at keeping the peace and protecting the rights and freedoms of populace. It is an almost military force waging an ongoing war – like the aforementioned war on drugs. And wars always lead to casualties – among the warring sides and, unfortunately, among civilians as well. So yes, perhaps the percentage of blacks among the victims of police brutality is higher than average. Yet it’s not the ‘quotas’ we must fight but the source of this evil.

Essay about The Awakening - 1491 Words

The Awakening nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written in the late nineteenth century in St. Louis after her husband Oscar died of a severe illness. Her book appeared in 1899, after she was idolized by many novels written by Darwin and Sarah Orne Jewett. Her first attempts at writing were just brief sketches for a local newspaper that was only short descriptions of her life in Louisiana. However, Chopin’s interests had always run along more risky lines, as reflected in her diaries, letters, and fictions. Her most common subject was female subjugation and freedom. When The Awakening appeared, Chopin was severely criticized for depicting a sexualized and independent-thinking woman who questioned†¦show more content†¦In other words, naturalism; which is a literary movement during the turn of the century. In Chopin’s writing, Edna is the main focus of the novel, and her motivations are strongly influenced by her environment, frequently in neg ative ways. She behaves in a certain way because of her environment and the way it has an affect directly on how she viewed the world, herself, and other people. She tries to convey the grim reality of life, often with crime, poverty, and moral vice. Naturalism can easily be the effect on Edna because of the art and the way the ocean has an effect on Edna’s life. The main question on her life is, can Edna do it? Life’s paradoxes are so huge, and Edna’s experiences are so limited, that the question fuels the book tremendously. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The last major theme of this novel was the awakening of sexuality. Edna, during the course of the story, comes to a physical awakening as well. Tragically it is not through someone she loves, and it devastates her. When sexual awakening comes with the object of her desire, Robert, is â€Å"short lived†. The intensity of the feeling is there, and Edna lives to strive it. Edna desires passion, attraction, and excitement in her relationships with men, and a level of mutual understanding in her relationships with women. Neither of these desires for connection is met and is completely obvious throughout the novel. Edna’s desires, once she â€Å"awakens† to them,Show MoreRelatedThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreDemoralization In The Awakening1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthem and cause them to lose hope. Kate Chopin uses words like â€Å"depressed† (56), â€Å"hopeless† (56) and â€Å"despondency† (p115) to describe Edna, the heroine, in The Awakening. Coupling this description with Edna taking her life at the end of the novel and Chopin’s own inferred demoralization, due to the almost universal aversion to The Awakening, the natural conclusion is that it is a work of â€Å"great personal demoralization†, (Companion 5) as Michael Levenson states. Levenson suggests most modernist authorsRead MoreFeminism In The Awakening1562 Words   |  7 Pagesprivileges as each other. Basic human rights would give others the notion that this is how all humans should have been treated from the beginning. However, this is far from the truth. 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We see evidence of this idea of the sea as a feminine from Showalter when she tells us that â€Å"As the female body is prone to wetness,Read MoreSymbolism In The Awakening1420 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Chopin’s use of symbolism in â€Å"The Awakening† What would one expect to be the personality of a woman, who was raised in a family of no man dominance in the year of 1800? Kate Chopin was born in Missouri, in 1850 and was one of the five children. At very young age, Kate lost her both sisters and her brother. At age of five, Kate was sent to a Catholic school. Not long after leaving her home, Chopin loses her father. Kate is being sent home from school to live with her mother, grandmotherRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead More The Awakening Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fact that an author is able to convey his/her message clearer and include things in the book that cannot be exhibited in a movie. For this reason, the reader of the book is much more effected than the viewer of the film. In the novella, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, there is much more evidence of symbolism as well as deeper meaning than in the movie version of the book, Grand Isle. Chopin conveys her symbolic messages through the main character’s newly acquired ability to swim, through the birdsRead More The Awakening Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pages The Awakening is a story full of symbolism and imagery that can have many different meanings to the many who have read it. I have read several different theories on Kate Chopin’s meaning and though some are vastly different, they all seem to make sense. It has been said that Kate Chopin might have been ambiguous just for this reason. At some point, almost everyone struggles with knowing or not knowing their purpose in life, and therefore it seems, that on some level, most who read the story aboutRead More Essay on The Awakening733 Words   |  3 PagesCriticism of The Awakening      Ã‚   Reading through all of the different criticism of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening has brought about ideas and revelations that I had never considered during my initial reading of the novel.   When I first read the text, I viewed it as a great work of art to be revered.   However, as I read through all of the passages, I began to examine Chopin’s work more critically and to see the weaknesses and strengths of her novel.   Reading through others interpretations of herRead MoreThe movie Awakenings4852 Words   |  20 PagesMeagan McGee Psychology 1300 Awakenings The movie Awakenings starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro portrays the true story of a doctor named Dr. Malcolm Sayer, and the events of the summer of 1969 at a psychiatric hospital in New York. Dr. Malcolm Sayer, who is a research physician, is confronted with a number of patients who had each been afflicted with a devastating disease called Encephalitis Lethargica. The illness killed most of the people who contracted it, but some were left living

Beginning the Audit Report Free Essays

Senior Partner From: Kim Cummings Re: Apollo Shoes Audit Dear Senior Partner: As you know, our firm has been selected to perform the Apollo Shoes audit. The planning process has been the most delicate stage as we want to ensure we have a solid audit approach. The team I select will be dedicated in meeting the objectives and strategies for completing the audit. We will write a custom essay sample on Beginning the Audit Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will briefly explain to you how I plan to begin the audit process. Now that Apollo Shoes has selected our firm, the initial planning process has begun. Our team must make every effort to understand Apollo Shoes’ business and industry. We will assess the client business risk before performing any preliminary analytical procedures. Our audit team will work hard to understand what type of documentation is required, collect documents from previous audits and gather all preliminary statements from all involved parties. Our team will start with a review of the company’s policies and procedures to establish our objectives. Our audit team will set materiality and review acceptable audit risk and acquired risk. It is our responsibility to understand the internal control and assess the type of sis each control holds. By doing this, we must understand each and every process of Apollo Shoes. This may include reviewing any area workflow and identifying key controls in those area processes. Our audit team will sit down with department heads to gather a detailed understanding of each process so nothing is misinterpreted in our review. Once we have a clear understanding of the internal controls and have assessed their risk, we will begin to collect information to assess fraud risks. The last part of our plan and design phase of the audit process will be to develop an overall audit strategy and audit program. With this step, we will determine the guidelines of our audit review and the best technology to use for this client. The scope of our audit will be planned during this phase as well as setting our objectives. I have attached some key documents related to the Apollo Shoes audit. These documents cover how the audit objectives, responsibilities, and strategies for completing the audit will be accomplished. I have also included an explanation of how analytical procedures will be used to plan, conduct and complete the audit. An explanation of how our team will consider materiality and risk in designing the audit s also attached along with the technology we plan to use in the audit. I have attached an engagement checklist and a rough draft of the client engagement letter for your review. The outline of timeshares and milestones for the Apollo Shoes audit has also been included for your review. Should you have any questions regarding the beginning stages of our audit process or any changes or comments related to the engagement checklist, engagement letter and timeshares, please let me know so we can discuss further. Sincerely, Kim Cummings Audit Objectives, Responsibilities, and Strategies for Audit Completion The primary objective of an audit is to review a company’s procedures, the original data to determine procedure compliance, and form an audit opinion on the data presented and level of compliance. The four main objectives are to outline and test controls; validate proper procedure was followed; establish the risk of audit error; and write an audit opinion. A control objective is established to ensure procedure is in place to prevent staff from not following policy. It is important to verify a procedure has been followed. To do this, an auditor will take a random collection of the documents from the data set. The auditor can use statistics to establish how many documents need to be tested and the risk of an error in the data set. A specialized computer program is used by the auditors to select a document and compare the document against company policy to ensure compliance. The level of compliance is assessed against the data size group and degree of compliance failure. The risk of audit error is the probability an auditor has reached an inaccurate conclusion, which is why the auditor must review all workflow, policies and procedures prior to drawing any conclusion from the samples they have pulled. A Ritter auditor’s opinion is a report published by the auditor to ascertain company procedures used, the audit scope, and the results from testing. Many interested parties, such as business owners and investors, review this report. The auditors are responsible in finding errors, cut costs, and improve the overall general accounting used by a company. The auditor is to verify company records against the information the company has provided. It is important for auditors to plan and execute the audit to achieve reasonable assurance. The main strategy of completing the audit is to obtain an understanding of the linnet’s financial statements, operating processes, and governance policies. The auditor must adopt a blueprint to determine the external factors that could adversely affect the company’s operations. The auditor needs to evaluate regulatory practice and ongoing litigation events. With these strategies in place, the audit should be easily streamlined to stay on track and completed in the designated timeshare. Analytical Procedures Used to Plan, Conduct and Complete the Audit Analytical procedures are used to identify items associated with uncommon transactions and events, amounts and developments that may point towards items hat have financial statement and audit planning complications. The analytical procedures used in planning the audit generally use data aggregated at a high level (www. Baobabs. Org). † Procedures may consist of reviewing changes in account balances from the prior year to the current year using an unadjusted working trial balance or general ledger balance. Procedures may involve an extensive analysis off company’s quarte rly financial statements. The analytical process used in the overall preview phase of the audit â€Å"will assist the auditor in assessing conclusions reached and in the evaluation of the overall uncial statement presentation (www. Scabrous. Org). † A wide variety of analytical procedures may be used for this purpose. The procedures our team will use consist of reading financial statement and notes, consider adequacy of the evidence gathered, and consider unusual or unexpected balances. Materiality and Risk in Audit Design Materiality is essential when considering the appropriate type of report for a given set of circumstances. Audit risk is the risk the auditor may unintentionally â€Å"fail to appropriately modify his or her opinion on financial statements that are materially misstated (wry. WAC. Org). Materiality is considered by auditors when planning and evaluating the results of an audit. Audit risk and materiality affect the applications of generally accepted auditing standards, particularly the measures of field work and reporting. â€Å"Audit risk and materiality need to be considered together in designing the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures and in evaluating the results of those procedures (mm. ‘. PWS. Org). † Technology Incorporated Into Audit There are numerous data analysis tools to use for an audit such as Microsoft Excel, Audit Command Language (CAL), and Monarch. Microsoft Excel is an office application that is easy to use. It comes with a data-analysis toolkit and built-in functions with a capacity of 65,536 rows by 256 columns and 255 chars per field. CAL has an unlimited capacity. It requires basic training and is menu based. CAL has analytic capabilities and a complete set of preprogrammed analysis. Monarch is a 1,000,000 input page capacity. Training is required, and Monarch provides basic analytic capabilities. Data analysis software is useful in distinguishing fraud of assets and fraudulent reporting. It permits an infinite number of analytical interactions to e measured within sizeable databases. The use of data analysis software will test objectives, ascertain data, request test data, enhance the test data if results are poor and request full data if results are good. The use of filters, sorting statistics, gaps, classification, and samples are Just a few tools to be used in the audit process. The data analysis methodology we will use will be to define, validate, execute, and retain data. Engagement Checklist Learn about the Control Environment Operating Processes Corporate Procedures Regulatory Compliance Test Internal Controls Detailed Steps in Task Performance Sampling of Company Documents Rank Controls and Risk High and medium – may cost the business a substantial loss in operating activities Low – corrective measures provided by Department Heads and Managers Issue the Final Report Senior Auditor reviews solutions provided by senior leaders for high and medium risks. Note risk mitigation progress in the risk and control assessment reports prepared by department heads. Rough Draft of Audit Engagement Letter Anderson, Olds, and Watershed 1234 Audit Trail way panama City, FL 32405 January 18, 2015 Larry Lancaster President and CEO Apollo Shoes, Inc. Showdown, ME 12345 Re: Audit Engagement Dear Mr.. Lancaster, This letter confirms our prior discussion regarding the agreement for our firm to audit the financial statements of Apollo Shoes, Inc. Our firm will audit Apollo Shoes balance sheet as of 12/31/07, as well as related Statement of Income, Retained Earnings and Cash Flow Statements for all of 2007. We will provide our professional opinion based on this audit. The financial statements will be the responsibility of the Apollo Shoes management team. The opinion on the financial statements based on our audit is the responsibility of the audit team. Our team will conduct the audit process in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. These standards require our team to â€Å"conduct the audit in order to obtain reasonable assurance if the financial statements are free of false and misleading statements (wry. NCSC. Deed). This type of audit will measure the accounting principles used by your company along with any assessments made by your management team. Our firm’s audit will deliver the basis of our opinion. The practices we will use include tests of documented data provided to support all of your company transactions documented n your company accounts. We will also test documents related to your receivables and liabilities through randomly selected customer acc ounts and creditors. The audit we will perform cannot be relied upon to detect irregularities or all fraud. We will notify you of any material errors we find as well as any illegal acts that grab our attention throughout the audit process. If the financial statements are going to be published or reproduced with reference made to the audit our firm conducted, you must agree to give us the statement proofs for our approval prior to publication. As part of the audit engagement for the year ending in 2007, a review of your company’s state and federal tax returns will be conducted for Apollo Shoes. The fees our firm charges Apollo Shoes will be billed as the work is performed and based on the time it is needed to fulfill each deliverable plus any acquired out of pocket expenses. The invoices will be due upon receipt. After your review, please sign the enclosed copy and return it to our firm promptly. Our firm appreciates the opportunity to perform the Apollo Shoes’ audit and looks forwarding to working with you. Sincerely, Timeshares and Milestones References Arena, Alvin; Elder, Randal; and Basely, Mark(2014). How to cite Beginning the Audit Report, Papers

Emerging Technology and Innovations to Support Flood Resilience

Question: Discuss About the Emerging Technology to Support Flood Resilience? Answer: Introduction Basically, communication technology and innovation role has been acknowledged as integral to disaster mitigation and management for a while. However, the use of communication technology and innovation can limit the losses of flood. Flood struggle and toughness technologies grip substantial probability to constraint the losses resulted by floods. The new emerging communication and information technologies and innovations over the past twenty years impart themselves to higher possibilities of integration of diverse communication systems. As a segment of the variable and universal methodology, the application of flood pliability and flood resistance control tools at possessions and risk assessment measures has been preferred. The elements are such as itinerant perimeter hurdles, door sentinels or fluctuations to the drapery of the construction or house (Brown, Trown Harrison, 2005). The procedures are principally advantageous where it is challenging to validate affluent capital outgoin gs, to safeguard essential infrastructure, to confine the visual commotion in traditional and heritage regions and whereby the traditional defenses are unsuitable, for instance in rush flooding in urban area. There are social and technical features to the application of communication technologies in flood resilience and resistance. The current application of the emerging technologies and innovation for disaster management and mitigation rely greatly on the appropriateness for the social and economic background in which the emerging technologies and innovation are applied (Barnard, 2007. The paper includes the emerging role of communication technologies and innovation in flood resilience and resistance. Significance of the research The significance of the research is to determine how serious is floods as a natural disaster and determine the efficiency of emerging technologies and flood resilience and resistance. From the global economic viewpoint, floods; riverine and coastal, are the peak destructive category of natural hazards in the world. The economic losses to nations and states, individual property, crops, business stock, utilities, and transportation are major indicators of flood losses. Presumably, of bigger magnitude are the damages experienced by entities that never go wet but are required to close because the suppliers or supply routes are impaired. Concerning loss of life, flood hazards are coarsely incomparable. It has been logically impossible to set a monetary value on human life (Robert Philiph, 1976). However, if lives are evaluated by the one-time central standard of anticipated future earning power of persons, at usual rates of income, then the damages of property during floods, and the conn ected indirect and immaterial associated damages, far offset the monetary value of the lives lost. Less readily quantified, but evidently important, are the public health consequences of floods when they submerge water facilities, chemical waste stowage sites, and sewage treatment. Flooding may impact to some benefits, for instance, the deposition of nutrients on agricultural lands in the flood plain and the renewal of groundwater. A flood plain location has large paybacks not only for cultivation but also for industrial and transportation activities. A flood plain may even be the most beautiful location for residential developments (Trevino et al 2003). However, the dominance of potential losses make flooding the worlds worst natural hazard. How original is the approach The validity and the originality of the research is supported by the works of Edquist C. Systems of innovation: establishments, technologies, and associations. Abingdon: Routledge, 1997. The research was meant to determine the effect application of the emerging technologies and innovation. Efforts and attempts to digitize the information are under way attaining the greatest impression if the results are positioned into shared open databases online, for example, Open Street Map. The statistics were additionally enhanced and authenticated by the institution of National Support Council (Samson Draft, 2014). The council had members from major participants. Granted the implementation of flood resilience as an invention in dealing with floods, research concentrates on two key extents of scholarship, flood hazard administration and revolution studies. Literature review Flood risk management approaches help to contextualize the application of flood resilience. For instance, the Scottish Executives 4 As methodology to flood administration is a linear technique stretching from consciousness, mitigation, support and, finally, circumvention. The demarcation is intended to emphasis consideration on specific crucial points, for example, the preliminary responsiveness of flood menace among the community, experts, and authorities in an indebtedness of the conceivable mitigation procedures that might decrease the risk, for example, decisions about the enactment of flood resilience (Jabbour Santos, 2008). The literature on revolution transmission offers additional insights concerning mainstreaming of the flood resilience technologies. Furthermore, it offers a foundation on how the actors and agencies that will engage on the application can be reinforced. Innovation, in broad sense, denotes to new or better resources, services and the methods of generating the flood resilience which is a contemporary innovation in the management of the flood risk. Conventionally, many theoretical representations have been advanced to comprehend innovation dissemination. For instance, Rogers S-curve elaborates how implementation is reliant on four main elements; the innovation, how it is connected, time and the pertinent social system (Trevino et al 2003). Finally, an invention might reach inundation point, and becomes extensively accepted. The S-curve is applicable in examples such as those important to flood resilience, where advantages are not always directly realized but can evade unwanted penalties at some forthcoming time As such, a variety of variables could constrain or ease the direction to market of latest innovations, from creating awareness of the opportunity to the steady agreement of the measure to the actual consideration in decision-making processes (Jabbour Santos, 2008). Supporting the insights is a hypothesis that society, technology and innovation co-advance and that the reception of innovation is the interaction. Innovation is an interaction between a collectioin of attempts that includes the user behaviors, markets, governance structure and cultural values. The awareness of the flood resilience broadly differed in various countries. The factors that mostly contributed to the difference are the manufacturing firm that promoted the floods resilience and the direct experience of floods. In the case instances where a substantial length of time , a range of 8-10 years and no flood events, the community awareness of flood assessment and the probability of the approaches that may be undertaken to stand flooding were unusually lower. Conversely, persons who experienced latest flooding were more possible to have some extensive awareness of flood resilience technologies. The public drew attention to the secluded sector producers and installers who aggressively advertised their products to prospective customers in the rouse of a flood occurrence. Thus, awareness of technologies among the public was moderately higher in countries with a dynamic flood resilience sector (Brown, Trevion Harrison, 2005). Away from awareness of flood resilience technol ogies, end users need even to accept the use as a potential elucidation for the condition. The challenge is right related to the extension of flood risk management obligation as defined in the overview, a shift that has taken state in the background of wider swings towards neoliberal authority and general accounts that control and product risk management (Walker Jones, 2012). Though, the data specified opposition to the argument that nations and societies need to take charge in the management of own flood jeopardy. Research gap Essential finding from members in various nations and at different gauges was that there stood no sufficient information to assertively make a firm decision on application flood resilience. Connected to this, there was compromise inside the National Support Groups that there would be no sample case study the republic controlled a governing context that could assimilate flood resilience technology into flood risk management. The consideration had critical implication for perceptions of technologies (Robert Philiph, 1976). Concurring to the data gathering, it is vibrant that there are various factors limiting the small scale flood resilience technologies being suitable and essential to handling flood peril. Generally, the diversity of challenges is suggestive of an inventive technology that freshly arose and is in attempts to fit into conventional authority practices and structures. There is a solid prominence on flood-plain and also catchment controlling that have varied options, for instance, retrofitting springiness less common. Critically, the aspects of flood risk management include legislation and regulation that have slowly incorporated the flood risk management. Aim of the research Some steps are crucial to manage the research gap. Understanding the risk and conducting a survey on the risk. A thorough survey on flood mitigation should be conducted. Planning a scheme that entails the advantages and disadvantages of the risk management measure, cost and ease of performance. Cost of installation, repair and maintenance. Eventually, technologies and innovations exist. There is emphasis positioned on the understanding the incorporation into local and tactical backgrounds. Innovation wants support so as to go past the cultural and executive customs in dealing with flood risk. The management conversed has tried to exhibit how a joint methodology can classify and clarify the main steps (Thomas, 2007). Awareness on the flood assessment is required to safeguard the underprivileged associates of the public profit from the measures and that flood resilience measures circumvent creating inadvertent influences downstream. Data collection methods Essentially, the data collection methods used aimed at qualitative data.The data collection methods used in the research included questionnaires. The method was preferred because it accommodated for dynamics flood situations. The method also offers solutions in cases of qualitative computation, narrative and quantitative data.The other data collection method used was the review Ethnographies, Oral History, and Case Studies (Barnard, 2007). The method is holistic because it combines other data collection methods such as interviews and sample. Data Analysis Flood risk cannot be eliminated. Data analysis considered wide range of factors. The factors in the analysis included flood prone areas, value of asset, land use and distribution and hydrological and hydraulic studies. According to the questionnares and surveys, the flood prune areas, occur in smooth terrain areas, or swampy areas (Trevion et al 2003). For the 10 respondents that the questionnare focused on, people living around, swampy areas, and just around river banks, floods occur regularly, which degrades the environmental productivity. Results Although floods on large rivers attract most attention, the often unaccounted floods in upstream areas are also significant. Flood damages in upstream areas have impacts on lives and properties. Over the coming decades, subject to several assumptions as to flood plain use, increases are expected in urban and diverse property damages. Average annual global flood damages have been increasing over the years (Jabbour Santos, 2008). There is some implication that the rate has even accelerated. Damage and losses in urban and urbanizing areas will escalate the most. Discussions The key issue regarding to floods is the element that the data on flood damages and losses are inadequate, lacking in wanted specificity, and inconsistent between urban and rural areas. Consequently, the aggregated approximations of flood loss for the world are available guesses. There is practically no systematic data as to flood plain use and production. Moreover, the other key data obligatory is the average annual loss of life from floods, it is accounted mainly by a few flash floods (Robert Philiph, 1976). Nevertheless, little data is available on the frequency and dimensions of flash floods report. Conclusions International organisations should embark on supporting the flood menace. The organisations should major on granting loans and subsidies to national governments and flood prone affected regions. Furthermore, emerging technologies and innovation should be facilitated and enhanced to increase flood mitigation. References Barnard, C 2007, The Function of the Executive, Cambridge: Harvard University Press Brown, M. E., Trevino, L. K., Harrison, D 2005, Ethical leadership: A social Learning perspective for construct development and testing, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134 Jabbour, C. J. C., Santos, A 2008, The central role of human resource management, Human Resource Management Journals, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2133-2154 Robert, H Philip, K 1976, "Leadership Effectiveness: Past Perspectives and Future Directions for Research", pp. 45-82 Trevino, L. K., Brown, M., Hartman, L 2003, A qualitative investigation of perceived executive ethical leadership: Perceptions from inside and outside the executive suite, Human Relations, 56(1), 5-37. Samson, K Draft, S 2014, Communication in Business Strategy, Chapters 1. 3,7. London: Savage Publishers Thomas, P 2007, The State of the Science, Journal OF Organizational Behavior: , Vol. 2 no. 5, pp. 298-312 Walker, T Jones, N 2012, Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector, Norway: McGraw-Hill